This project focuses on strengthening equality data collection in the EU to better promote equality and combat discrimination. Robust and inclusive data are vital for identifying inequalities, monitoring progress, and shaping effective policies, but collecting such information is challenging when it involves sensitive aspects of identity. Building on human rights-based principles such as voluntary self-identification and community participation, the project examines how EU institutions and Member States can improve frameworks to address critical knowledge gaps. The study highlights difficulties such as underreporting, inconsistent methods, and ethical concerns, with particular attention to racial and ethnic minorities, religious minorities, and groups defined by sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and variations in sex characteristics. These populations are often invisible in standard datasets and harder to reach due to stigma, mistrust, or social invisibility. By reviewing challenges and exploring solutions - such as improved sampling, partnerships with civil society, and community engagement - the project seeks to ensure that the experiences of marginalised groups are meaningfully reflected in EU policies on equality and non-discrimination.
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